Food Poisoning Essay

IntroductionEvery year millions of people suffer from victuals poisoning due to uncontrolled masking of agricultural chemicals, environmental contamination, utilise of illegal additives , microbiological threatens and others and as a result of increasing sentience of consumers and their demands to provide them with undecom comprise, wholesome and high timber aliment go for advertize umteen provender premises to carry turn out a loose perspicacity and re-organize their systems of pabulum control in turn to improve qualification , rationalization of human resources and harmonizing approaches. This treasurement of nutriment control system has resulted to alter from the traditional approach which depends mainly on the final product sample distribution and inspection and move forward toward the implementation of a retainative resort and quality approach base on lay on the line depth psychology. (FAO, 1998)Risk base approaches has been developed by World health or ganization (WHO) and Food and floriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and it is called pretend compendium .(WHO,2011)-website Moreover, risk analysis is a combination of three interconnected elements which be Risk counseling, Risk sagaciousness and Risk communication. (FAO/WHO training manual, 2006) Risk assessment is a scientific valuation of risk associated with hazard either qualitatively or quantitatively .Risk management is the mathematical process where the relevant information of risk including risk assessment results are used to make for decisions on how they will control the risk and implementing straight-laced options. Finally risk communication which may define as the process by which transmute of information occur between risk assessors, managers and implicated parties.(http//www.fao.org/docrep/008/ae922e/ae922e04.htm)Government officialsIn order to prepare a regimen products that is safe for human consumption and trade within the country or intercontinental as advantageously as maintain public confidence the organization officials has a major role in this issue, yet it is clear that the brass has no role in the production of food and cannot by itself to make safe or unsafe food. However, the government does play two definitive roles to squinch the risk of foodborne illness. The first major role is to create food standards and implement it through laws, regulations, inspection, and compliance procedures. These standards range from setting legislation to prevent food adulteration toward defining limits on the levels of pesticides residues as well as levels of pathogenic bacteria, food labelling, preparation and packaging of food. As a consequence, USDAs in recent times implemented HACCP system for meat and poultry to reduce harmful contamination and the risk of food borne illness.The second role is to call in food rubber eraser problems that are beyond the control of any individual participating in the food chain , which require more than a regulative solution like for example E.coli O157H7 pathogen which originates in the gut of cattle and is bedcover through the environment to contaminate water, fresh produce, and beef during the slaughtering process do a considerable hazard when present in food. Address these and many an(prenominal) other food safety problems need a strong look into base, and to develop an trenchant control measures not to mention the cooperation between get upers, pedigree producers, food processors, retailers and consumers. Therefore, government officials play a leading role in promoting basic research and cooperation in such cases to reduce the risk of food borne diseases. (Taylor &ump Hoffmann, 2001) In fact, applying risk analysis provides many benefits to all food safety stakeholders including government.In this term it can help food safety regulators to obtain more evidence and information they require to make an effective decision and to identify and appl y suitable measures to control the risk in concomitant to evaluate these measures for example it can be used to assess the maximum level of pesticide residue in food supplies ,increasing the rate of tests ,provide advice to a certain population subgroup, review labelling requirements, and issue a ban and/or recall for the suspected food product in response. Risk analysis can be applied to support and improve food standards such as regulation (EC) no.1829/2003 on genetically modified foods and feed (EU, 2003) and many others standards. It allows the potential costs of compliance for comparison with the expected benefits, and supports setting priorities among the several(a) problems related to food safety. (FAO 87, 2006)In addition to the above advantages, since in article2 (2) from SPS commensurateness indicates the need of scientific evidence in establishing sanitary and pytosanitary measures. (SPS) though, applying risk analysis will assist the government to meet their commitmen ts and strengthen the basis for the food trade at the worldwide level by increasing approach to new trade. (FAO 87, 2006) Moreover, gaps and uncertainties in scientific knowledge can be place using risk analysis approach, which will lead to improve food safety and a better understanding of food related impacts on consumer health. (FAO 87, 2006) In general, risk analysis is used mostly for chemical hazards but recently FAO and WHO expand the scope to cover microbiological hazards as well. (FAO 76)As a result, microbial risk assessment has been used to assess the risk posed by Listeria in a wide range of food commodities and regulatory meanments to control pathogens. (Federal Register / Vol. 66, No. 39 / Tuesday, February 27, 2001 / Proposed Rules) Thus, through risk analysis the government officials can make out opportunities to reduce risk by using it to establish risk based inspection program, development and application of food standards, collaborate efforts with food proces sors, and consumer awareness. (Taylor &ump Hoffmann, 2001) However, since not all countries have the capabilities and resources to conduct risk assessment ,so they must make use of international data and expertise available besides data that is internationally genuine such as codex standards which accepted as scientifically valid under SPS agreement .(FAO,76)Food processorsOn the other founder, food processors as discussed earlier has the main role to produce safe ,wholesome and high quality food to meet customer demands. While world health plaque (WHO) has briefly indicated that food safety is a shared responsibility from farm to fork, http//www.eufic.org/article/en/artid/processing-food-safety-quality-1/ governments and intergovernmental organisation like Codex Alimentarius commission (CAC) has a major responsibility in creating food standards and so it is important to involve food manufacturers in the process of setting standards at the national and international levels. This participation is beneficial to all stakeholders, and government indeed should assist this exchange of information to help ensure supplying safe products. http//www.fao.org/docrep/v2890t/v2890t05.htmAchieving this requires implementing science based systems derived from risk analysis and associated risk management approaches like HACCP for industry. (Hobbs, 2007) However, to carry out a HACCP plan, hazard analysis is required, as it considers as the first of the vii HACCP principles, it is used to assess the probable hazards that could occur through food processing, host data regarding those hazards and their severity to the consumer besides the possibility of their occurrence.Once established a hazard analysis using risk analysis, it must be considered throughout the HACCP plan development. (Peter warring book, food quality assurance book) In addition to the above, there are a number of authors who have suggested the use of risk based systems in HACCP plan (Baird-Parker, 1994, 199 5Buchanan, 1995 Notermans and Jouve, 1995 Elliott,1996 Notermans and Mead, 1996). Thus demands to include some aspects of risk into HACCP system are increasing. (T.Mayeres,97) Burden or benefits)(Mayers, 1997) on the other hand stated that the HACCP system is functioning effectively without the need of risk assessment approach, bearing on mind that HACCP has been internationally considered as an effective carriage to control food borne hazards. However, some elements of risk analysis can be useful in HACCP by increasing the scientific basis of hazard analysis, can help in identification of critical limits, as well as increasing transparency in decision making.( (T.Mayeres,97) Burden or benefits)Part B/iOwing to the increasing demands of the global market for sea food products, exposure to food borne illness may addition as a consequence. (Book of Iso and HACCP) For instance,